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Knowledge Base:

Article Number: 42
Resource Type: Knowledge Base Articles
Title: common web terminology
Article:
  • world-wide web (the web, www, w3): a client-server information system that uses the internet to access computers containing millions of hypertext documents.

     

  • web page: a single hypertext document written in html--hypertext markup language.

     

  • web site: a collection of linked web pages on a web server.

     

  • home page: the first point of entry to a web site; help is often available there.

     

  • web client: the computer and software you use to access web pages.

     

  • web server: the computer and software that you contact on the internet to access a web site.

     

  • web browser: the client software you use to find and display web pages.

     

  • web search engine: software that allows searching of the content of internet sites. web search engines work much like the searching software in the cornell library catalog.
  • hypertext: documents containing embedded links (hyperlinks) to other documents or other parts of the same document.

     

  • html: hypertext markup language, the rules for formatting a web page so that a web browser displays the page properly.

     

  • url: uniform resource locator, the address of a document on the world wide web. browsers allow you to enter a known address of a web server or a specific document within that server. addresses begin with http://, ftp://, gopher://, wais://, file://

     

  • protocols: sets of communication rules that allow clients and servers to communicate accurately with each other

     

  • http: hypertext transfer protocol, the rules that govern the transmission of web documents from one computer to another via the internet
  • client/server: a technology where a "client" (e.g., your desktop computer) connects over a network to a "server" (e.g., a computer with a database of information) and requests a certain piece of information to be sent back. by not being constantly logged on (as a terminal would be logged on to a host computer) a client/server system can efficiently deal with many "clients" and doesn't waste computer cycles on an idle connection.
  • http: hypertext transfer protocol. the language web servers and browsers use to communicate with one another over the internet.
  • tcp/ip: transmission control protocol/internet protocol. the standard language used by computers on the internet to communicate with one another.
  • ftp: file transfer protocol, the protocol for exchanging files over the internet. ftp works in the same way as http for transferring web pages from a server to a user's browser and smtp for transferring email across the internet in that, like these technologies, ftp uses the internet's tcp/ip. ftp is most commonly used to download a file from a server using the internet or to upload a file to a server (e.g., uploading a web page file to a server).
  • isp: internet service provider an organization that provides access to the internet. connection to the user is provided via dial-up, isdn, cable, dsl and t1/t3 lines. customers are generally billed a fixed rate per month, but other charges may apply.
  • smtp: simple mail transfer protocol. it is the most popular protocol for transferring electronic mail on the internet. smtp is quite robust, but provides no facilities for authentication of the sender or recipient; for encryption; or for attaching non-ascii data.
  • dns: domain name system. a system for converting host names and domain names into ip addresses on the internet or on local networks that use the tcp/ip protocol. for example, when a web site address is given to the dns either by typing a url in a browser or behind the scenes from one application to another, dns servers return the ip address of the server associated with that name.
  • gtld: is a top level domain used by a particular class of organization. these are three or more letters long, and are named for the type of organization that they represent
  • .com: for commercial organizations, but unrestricted
  • .edu: for post-secondary educational establishments
  • .gov: for governments and their agencies in the united states
  • .org - originally for organizations not clearly falling within the other gtlds, now unrestricted
  • .net - originally for network infrastructures, now unrestricted
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